Glossary: Backend

25 terms

.NET / .NET Core / ドットネット

Microsoft's open-source cross-platform SDK. It supports C#, F#, and VB, and provides a unified platform for web APIs with ASP.NET Core, full-stack web with Blazor, and mobile apps with MAUI.

Backend3

Bun

Bun / バン

A fast all-in-one JavaScript runtime written in Zig. It bundles a runtime, package manager, bundler, and test runner in one binary, with Node.js-compatible APIs and significantly faster startup and throughput.

Backend3

C# / シーシャープ / CSharp

Microsoft's statically typed OOP language for the .NET platform. It spans web API development with ASP.NET Core, Unity game development, desktop apps, and is one of Godot's official scripting languages.

Backend3

Deno

Deno / デノ

A JavaScript/TypeScript runtime redesigned by Node.js creator Ryan Dahl to fix architectural shortcomings. It features built-in security permissions, a standard library, URL imports, and edge deployment via Deno Deploy.

Backend3

Django

Django / ジャンゴ

A Python full-stack web framework with batteries included: ORM, admin panel, authentication, and template engine out of the box. Adopted by Instagram and Mozilla for large-scale web applications.

Backend3

Elixir

Elixir / エリクサー

A functional language running on the Erlang VM (BEAM). Its actor-model concurrency, fault tolerance, and hot code swapping make it ideal for real-time web and AI agent orchestration workloads.

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Erlang

Erlang / アーラン

A functional language for concurrent and distributed systems originally developed at Ericsson. Its BEAM VM and 'let it crash' philosophy deliver the nine-nines availability demanded by telecom and financial systems.

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Express.js

Express / Express.js / エクスプレス

A minimal and fast web framework for Node.js. Its small core and rich middleware ecosystem made it the long-standing de facto standard, though Hono and Fastify are increasingly competitive.

Backend3

FastAPI

FastAPI / ファストAPI

A high-performance async Python API framework with automatic Pydantic validation, auto-generated OpenAPI docs, and asyncio support. Widely used for LLM API wrappers and RAG endpoints.

Backend3

Go (Golang)

Go / Golang / ゴーラング

A simple, high-performance compiled language from Google. Its lightweight goroutine concurrency model and static binary output make it popular for cloud-native API servers, CLI tools, and infrastructure software.

Backend3

GraphQL

GraphQL / グラフQL

An API specification designed by Facebook to solve REST's over- and under-fetching problems. Clients declare exactly what data they need; a strongly typed schema improves developer experience and tooling.

Backend3

gRPC

gRPC / Google RPC / ジーアールピーシー

Google's open-source RPC framework. Using Protocol Buffers as the IDL and HTTP/2 as the transport, it delivers lower latency and higher throughput than REST, making it popular in microservices and edge inference servers.

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Java

Java / ジャバ

A statically typed OOP language running on the JVM, developed by Sun and now Oracle. Spring Boot makes it the de facto standard for enterprise backend development in large-scale business systems.

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Kotlin

Kotlin / コトリン

A JVM language by JetBrains offering full Java interoperability alongside concise syntax, null safety, and coroutines. Adoption is growing through Android first-class support and Spring Boot integration.

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NestJS

NestJS / ネストJS

A full-featured TypeScript Node.js framework inspired by Angular's module and dependency-injection architecture. It is well-suited for large-scale enterprise API servers that benefit from strict structure.

Backend3

Node.js

Node.js / ノードJS

A server-side JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine. Its non-blocking I/O model and vast npm ecosystem make it a standard choice for backend APIs, CLI tools, and serverless functions.

Backend3

OpenAPI

OpenAPI / Swagger / OAS

The standard YAML/JSON specification for describing REST APIs (formerly Swagger). Machine-readable endpoint, parameter, and schema definitions enable automatic client SDK generation, validation, and test automation.

Backend3

Phoenix Framework

Phoenix / Phoenix Framework / フェニックス

A full-stack web framework for Elixir featuring LiveView for server-driven real-time UIs and Channels for WebSocket communication, achieving high interactivity without a client-side SPA.

Backend3

Python

Python / パイソン

A highly readable general-purpose language that dominates the AI/ML ecosystem. It covers backend development with FastAPI and Django, data analysis, and LLM agent building with equal ease.

Backend3

REST API

REST API / RESTful API / REST

A web service communication style based on HTTP standards. It uses resource-oriented URLs, HTTP method semantics, and stateless communication, remaining the most widely adopted convention for web APIs.

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Ruby

Ruby / ルビー

A dynamic language designed for developer happiness by Yukihiro Matsumoto (Matz). It is best known for the Ruby on Rails framework, which has powered many web services with its convention-over-configuration philosophy.

Backend3

Ruby on Rails

Ruby on Rails / Rails / レイルズ

A full-stack Ruby web framework following convention over configuration (CoC) and DRY principles. It ships with MVC architecture, ActiveRecord ORM, and RESTful routing out of the box for high development velocity.

Backend3

Rust

Rust / ラスト

A systems programming language that guarantees memory safety at compile time without a garbage collector. It targets WebAssembly, embedded systems, CLI tools, and desktop apps like Tauri, delivering C-level performance safely.

Backend3

Swift

Swift / スウィフト

Apple's statically typed language for iOS and macOS development. Swift on Server also brings it to backend use cases. It is known for type safety, high performance, and Objective-C interoperability.

Backend3

WebAssembly (Wasm)

WebAssembly / Wasm / ウェブアセンブリ

A binary instruction format that runs near-native speed in browsers. Code written in C, C++, Rust, or Go can compile to Wasm. The WASI extension enables portable server-side and edge execution.

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