Glossary: Infrastructure

25 terms

AWS / Amazon Web Services / アマゾンウェブサービス

Amazon's cloud infrastructure suite of 200+ services including EC2, S3, Lambda, RDS, and SageMaker. The world's leading cloud provider by market share, adopted by organizations of all sizes.

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Azure (Microsoft Azure)

Azure / Microsoft Azure / アジュール

Microsoft's cloud platform and the world's second-largest by market share. Its strength lies in enterprise integration with Active Directory, Microsoft 365, and Entra ID, plus Azure OpenAI Service from its OpenAI partnership.

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CDN (Content Delivery Network)

CDN / Content Delivery Network / コンテンツデリバリーネットワーク

A network of globally distributed edge servers that cache and deliver content to users from the nearest location. Cloudflare, AWS CloudFront, and Fastly are leading providers, reducing latency for static files, images, and video while reducing origin load.

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Cloudflare

Cloudflare / クラウドフレア

A cloud network company offering integrated CDN, DDoS protection, WAF, edge computing via Workers, and DNS management. Cloudflare Workers for JavaScript execution at the edge and R2 storage are especially prominent.

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Cron

Cron / Cron Job / クロン

A Unix scheduling mechanism that runs commands on a time-based schedule using cron expressions (e.g. `0 9 * * *`). GitHub Actions Scheduled Workflows, Vercel Cron, and Cloudflare Workers cron triggers provide cloud-native equivalents.

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Datadog

Datadog / データドッグ

A full-stack observability platform for cloud-native environments. It integrates infrastructure metrics, APM, log management, security monitoring, and LLM observability, with strong enterprise adoption.

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DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)

DDoS / DDoS攻撃 / 分散型サービス拒否攻撃

An attack that overwhelms a target server with massive traffic from multiple compromised hosts to cause service disruption. Mitigation services like Cloudflare and AWS Shield absorb and filter the traffic to maintain availability.

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Docker

Docker / ドッカー

A platform for packaging applications and their dependencies as containers. It eliminates environment differences to guarantee reproducible builds, and forms the foundation for CI/CD pipelines and Kubernetes deployments.

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Edge Computing

Edge Computing / エッジコンピューティング / Edge

A computing model that processes data at edge servers distributed close to users, eliminating cloud round-trip latency. Cloudflare Workers, Vercel Edge Functions, and CDN edge nodes are representative implementations.

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GCP (Google Cloud Platform)

GCP / Google Cloud / Google Cloud Platform

Google's cloud infrastructure and AI platform. BigQuery, Cloud Run, GKE, and Vertex AI are flagship services with deep integration with Google's AI infrastructure (TPUs, Gemini), making it popular for data analytics and AI development.

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GitHub Actions

GitHub Actions / ギットハブアクションズ

GitHub's built-in CI/CD platform. YAML workflows automate testing, building, and deployment, deeply integrated with GitHub repositories. The free tier allows 2,000 minutes per month, widely adopted for OSS and enterprise projects.

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GitLab CI/CD

GitLab CI / GitLab CI/CD / ギットラブCI

The CI/CD platform built into GitLab. Pipelines are defined in .gitlab-ci.yml to automate testing, building, and deployment. Its self-hostable nature makes it popular as an on-premises CI/CD backbone in enterprises.

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Grafana

Grafana / グラファナ

An open-source observability dashboard platform for visualizing metrics, logs, and traces. Combined with Prometheus, Loki, and Tempo to form the Grafana Stack, it is widely used in both cloud and on-premises environments.

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Kubernetes

Kubernetes / K8s / クーバーネティス

A container orchestration system developed by Google. It automates deployment, scaling, health checks, and rollbacks for Docker containers, and has become the industry standard for running microservices in production.

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NVIDIA DGX Spark

DGX Spark / NVIDIA DGX Spark / エヌビディアDGXスパーク

NVIDIA's desktop AI supercomputer announced in 2026, powered by the GB10 Grace Blackwell chip. It enables local LLM inference, confidential code analysis, and AI development in fully offline environments for individual and team use.

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NVIDIA H100

NVIDIA H100 / H100 GPU / エヌビディアH100

NVIDIA's Hopper-generation datacenter GPU. One of the most widely used GPUs for LLM training and inference, featuring Tensor Cores and high-speed NVLink for multi-GPU communication in cloud and on-premises AI infrastructure.

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NVIDIA RTX

NVIDIA RTX / GeForce RTX / RTX GPU

NVIDIA's GPU series for consumers and workstations. Featuring real-time ray tracing and Tensor Cores, it is widely used for gaming, 3D CG, local LLM inference, and image generation AI.

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Observability

Observability / 可観測性 / オブザーバビリティ

The practice of making system internals visible through the three pillars of metrics, logs, and traces. The goal is to understand system state from external observations alone. Datadog, Sentry, and OpenTelemetry are leading tools.

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OpenTelemetry

OpenTelemetry / OTel / オープンテレメトリー

A CNCF Observability framework that standardizes collection and export of metrics, logs, and traces with vendor-neutral APIs, SDKs, and a collector spec. It outputs to backends like Datadog, Jaeger, and Grafana Tempo.

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Prometheus

Prometheus / プロメテウス

A CNCF open-source metrics collection and monitoring system. It scrapes metrics from targets using a pull model, supports PromQL queries and alert rules, and is the standard monitoring stack for Kubernetes when paired with Grafana.

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Sentry

Sentry / セントリー

An open-source error monitoring platform for real-time tracking, alerting, and analysis of application errors. It supports multiple languages from React and Next.js to Python and Node.js, automatically capturing stack traces and reproduction context.

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Terraform

Terraform / テラフォーム

HashiCorp's Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool. Using HCL, it declaratively defines cloud resources and manages consistent infrastructure provisioning and changes across AWS, GCP, Azure, Cloudflare, and many other providers.

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Vercel

Vercel / バーセル

A frontend-focused cloud platform created by the Next.js team. It provides automatic deployment from Git, edge functions, image optimization, and analytics on a globally distributed edge CDN.

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WAF (Web Application Firewall)

WAF / Web Application Firewall / ウェブアプリケーションファイアウォール

A security device or service that monitors and filters HTTP traffic to web applications. It defends against OWASP Top 10 attacks such as SQL injection, XSS, and path traversal without modifying application code. Cloudflare WAF is a leading SaaS WAF.

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Webhook

Webhook / ウェブフック

A mechanism for sending HTTP POST notifications to an external URL when a specific event occurs. Used for Slack notifications, payment completion alerts, GitHub integrations, and CI/CD triggers. The receiver only needs to expose an HTTPS endpoint.

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